GLAUCOMA - WHAT IS IT?

Glaucoma is usually caused by too much fluid pressing on the nerve at the back of the eye. There are many types of glaucoma, but on this page glaucoma is the term given to the 'chronic open angle' or 'primary open angle' or 'chronic simple' glaucoma.

Pseudoexfoliation and pigmentary glaucomas are both chronic open angle glaucomas, and this page applies.

Glaucoma is not a single disease, but represents conditions that occur for different reasons with the final event being optic nerve damage and visual field loss

Chronic glaucoma is more common of the two and is often just called glaucoma. The affection of sight is mainly in the form of a gradual narrowing of field of vision which may ultimately result in tunnel vision or even blindness.

There is an abnormality in the drainage of fluid (aqueous) from the eye, thereby raising the pressure within the eye ball (in most cases). The end result is a gradual loss of function of the optic nerve. The nerve as seen during the eye examination appears paler and what is known as "cupped". In case of acute glaucoma the drainage of fluid is blocked more rapidly causing a fast rise in the pressure which can give rise to pain.

WHO SUFFERS FROM IT?

SYMPTOMS?
Usually none in the early stages of chronic glaucoma. Later when the field of vision gets affected significantly one may experience loosing a part of the vision, commonly the sides. Very advanced stage can even cause blindness. There is usually no pain involved. In acute glaucoma ,however there can be severe pain in the affected eye. There is also blurred vision and redness of the eye. In early stage haloes may be seen around lights.

CAN SOMETHING BE DONE ABOUT IT?
Early diagnosis is very important , so if there is a close relative in the family with glaucoma then one must get an eye test regularly. The optician can do a preliminary pressure check and refer you to an ophthalmologist (eye doctor) for further tests if required. In UK you can get a free eye test if you have a family history of glaucoma. People who are already receiving treatment for glaucoma should make sure they use it regularly, attend the eye clinic regularly and follow the doctors advice.

CAN IT BE CURED?
No, but it can certainly be controlled. With early detection and regular treatment the damage to the sight can be limited or further worsening can be stopped.

Treatment in form of eye drops is given with regular monitoring of the disease. Regular use of the drops as per the advice of the doctor is crucial. For monitoring, the pressure is checked, the condition of the optic nerve is examined and the visual field is assessed. Surgical treatment is usually resorted to in resistant or severe cases and may obviate the use of medications. Glaucoma medications can have some adverse effects and these can be discussed with the eye doctor.